The Manifestations of “Silence” in Indian Knowledge Systems

Abstract

Silence refers to a condition of tranquillity in which there is an absence of sound or noise. It can also refer to a silence or a time when nobody is speaking. In a more metaphorical way, silence can represent a conscious decision by someone to refrain from speaking. Silence carries various interpretations in the wilderness and during the night. However, in Indian knowledge systems, silence holds the highest power. In this context, this paper undertakes a thorough examination of Vedic literature and the practices of sadhana and tapasya, emphasizing stillness (Mauna) as a core theme symbolizing the origin of genuine knowledge, the journey toward self-realization, and the divine presence. It is not void, but the vibrant, active essence of the Absolute, a condition of inner calmness and serenity attained through measured words and reflection. It pertains to the contexts of The Upanishads to assert that the true Self, Brahman, illuminates solely in the composure of silence. Next, it examines the narrative of Gārgī found in the Vedic texts, which exemplifies serenity as a deep reaction to truth that goes beyond simple intellectual discussion. It also highlights how in Buddhism and Jainism, silence serves as a significant spiritual practice that transcends mere soundlessness, functioning as a means for self-exploration, and insight. It encourages profound meditation by quieting the constant mental chatter, uncovering hidden patterns and feelings, and nurturing awareness of voidness. Ultimately, it illustrates how silence remains a longstanding tradition of profound wisdom as seen in the philosophical and literary masterpieces by figures such as Swami Vivekananda, R.N. Tagore, Sri Aurobindo, S.Radhakrishnan and J.Krishnamurthy.